The distinction
between science, engineering and technology is not always clear. Science is
the reasoned investigation or study of
phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of the phenomenal world by employing formal techniques
such as the scientific method.[15] Technologies
are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy
requirements such as utility, usability and safety.
Engineering is
the goal-oriented process of designing and
making tools and systems to exploit natural phenomena for practical human
means, often (but not always) using results and techniques from science. The
development of technology may draw upon many fields of knowledge, including scientific,
engineering, mathematical, linguistic,
and historical knowledge,
to achieve some practical result.
Technology is often a
consequence of science and engineering — although technology as a human
activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in electrical conductors, by
using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then
be used by engineers to create new tools and machines, such as semiconductors, computers,
and other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers
may both be considered technologists; the three fields are often considered as
one for the purposes of research and reference.
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